1. Skin infections & allergies.
This broad category encompasses a wide range of dermatological issues. Allergies (food, environmental, flea), bacterial infections (pyoderma), fungal infections (ringworm, yeast), and various other skin irritations fall under this heading. It's a common health problem because dogs' skin is their largest organ and is constantly exposed to environmental allergens and potential pathogens. Certain breeds are also predisposed to allergies.
2. Gastrointestinal conditions.
This category includes a variety of digestive problems, such as vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and pancreatitis. Causes can range from dietary indiscretions to infections or underlying medical conditions. It's a common health problem because dogs are prone to dietary indiscretions (eating garbage, table scraps). Stress and infections can also disrupt their digestive systems.
3. Ear infections.
Ear infections (otitis externa, media, interna) are the most frequent ear problem in dogs. Other issues include ear mites, foreign bodies lodged in the ear canal, and hematomas. It's a common health problem because dogs' ear canals are L-shaped, which can trap moisture and debris, creating an ideal environment for infections. Floppy-eared breeds are particularly susceptible.
4. Wounds for traumatic injuries & fights/bites.
Injuries resulting from traumatic accidents, including puncture and laceration bite injuries, open and closed wounds and fractures of bones. It's usually common in active dogs, which are at a higher risk of accidents.
5. Mass lesions (lumps & bumps).
Mass lesions, commonly known as lumps and bumps, are frequent findings on and under a dog's skin. Other types of growths include cysts, warts, and abscesses. These are a common health concern because they can range from benign (harmless) fatty tumors called lipomas to more serious, malignant (cancerous) growths like mast cell tumors or fibrosarcomas. Any dog can develop lumps and bumps, but older dogs and certain breeds can be particularly susceptible to specific types of growths.
6. Eye conditions.
This category includes eye infections (conjunctivitis), corneal ulcers, cataracts, glaucoma, and other eye-related problems. It's a common health problem because dogs' eyes are vulnerable to injury and infection. Certain breeds are also predisposed to specific eye conditions.
7. Osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is a common and debilitating condition in dogs, characterised by the progressive deterioration of cartilage in the joints. Other joint problems include hip and elbow dysplasia, patellar luxation, and ligament tears. It's a common health problem in dogs because genetics, conformation (e.g., large breeds), obesity, and previous joint injuries can all contribute to the development and progression of OA, leading to chronic pain and reduced mobility. Senior and large-breed dogs are particularly susceptible.
8. Muscoskeletal conditions (limping).
Joint problems, ligament tears, arthritis Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) and other musculoskeletal issues are relatively common, particularly in older dogs, active dogs and certain breeds are predisposed to joint problems.
9. Anal sac disorders.
Anal sacs are small glands located on either side of the anus that secrete a foul-smelling fluid. Problems occur when the sacs become impacted or infected. It's a common health problem because some dogs have difficulty expressing their anal sacs naturally.
10. Dental conditions.
Dental conditions can be common in dogs, with periodontal disease (gum disease) being the most frequent oral health problem. Other issues can include broken teeth, abscesses, retained deciduous (baby) teeth, and oral tumours. It's a common health problem because plaque and tartar naturally build up on a dog's teeth, which can lead to inflammation, infection, and eventually, pain and tooth loss. Smaller breeds and those with crowded teeth can be particularly susceptible.